Quality indicators for hospital burn care: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Burn treatments are complex, and for this reason, a specialised multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Evaluating the quality of care provided to acute burn patients through quality indicators makes it possible to develop and implement measures aiming at better results. There is a lack of information on which indicators to evaluate care in burn patients. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify a list of quality indicators used to evaluate the quality of hospital care provided to acute burn patients and indicate possible aspects of care that do not have specific indicators in the literature. METHOD: A comprehensive scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Lilacs/VHL) between July 25 and 30, 2022 and redone on October 6, 2022. Potentially relevant articles were evaluated for eligibility. General data and the identified quality indicators were collected for each included article. Each indicator was classified as a structure, process, or outcome indicator. RESULTS: A total of 1548 studies were identified, 82 were included, and their reference lists were searched, adding 19 more publications. Thus, data were collected from 101 studies. This review identified eight structure quality indicators, 72 process indicators, and 19 outcome indicators listed and subdivided according to their objectives. CONCLUSION: This study obtained a list of quality indicators already used to monitor and evaluate the hospital care of acute burn patients. These indicators may be useful for further research or implementation in quality improvement programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform on June 27, 2022 ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NAW85 ).

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Births, Vaginal Deliveries, Cesarian Sections, and Maternal Mortality in a Brazilian Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Cohort Study.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a worldwide challenge, leading to radical changes in healthcare. The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on birth, vaginal delivery, and cesarian section (c-section) rates. The secondary objective was to compare the maternal mortality before and after the pandemic. Patients and Methods: Time-series cohort study including data of all women admitted for childbirth (vaginal delivery or c-section) at the maternities in the Public Health System of Federal District, Brazil, between March 2018 and February 2022, using data extracted from the Hospital Information System of Brazilian Ministry of Health (SIH/DATASUS) on September 30, 2022. Causal impact analysis was used to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on birth, vaginal delivery, and c-section using the CausalImpact R package, and a propensity score matching was used to evaluate the effect on maternal mortality rate using the Easy R (EZR) software. Results: There were 150,617 births, and considering total births, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic was not statistically significant (absolute effect per week: 5.5, 95% CI: -24.0-33.4). However, there was an increase in c-sections after COVID-19 (absolute effect per week: 18.1; 95% CI: 11.9-23.9). After propensity score matching, the COVID-19 period was associated with increased maternal mortality (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.53-6.81). The e-value of the adjusted OR for the association between the post-COVID-19 period and maternal mortality was 5.89, with a 95% CI: 2.43, suggesting that unmeasured confounders were unlikely to explain the entirety of the effect. Conclusion: Our study revealed a rise in c-sections and maternal mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly due to disruptions in maternal care. These findings highlight that implementing effective strategies to protect maternal health in times of crisis and improve outcomes for mothers and newborns is crucial.

Reivindicações dos profissionais de enfermagem expressas nas mídias jornalísticas no primeiro semestre de 2020 / Demands of nursing professionals expressed in the media in the first half of 2020 / Demandas de profesionales de enfermería expresadas en los medios periodísticos en el primer semestre de 2020

Objetivo: Analisar de que forma os jornais de grande circulação veicularam as reivindicações dos profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2, no primeiro semestre de 2020. Método: Estudo descritivo de abordagem mista, com matérias publicadas em três jornais on-line no período de 01/01/2020 a 30/06/2020, cujas reportagens levantadas foram submetidas ao método de análise do conteúdo. Resultados: Foram analisadas 143 reportagens e organizadas em cinco subcategorias temáticas, quais sejam: manifestações por condições de trabalho, homenagem aos colegas vítimas da COVID-19, homenagens da população à enfermagem, manifestação dos enfermeiros no dia do trabalhador, repúdio ao comportamento do presidente. Conclusão: Verificouse que essa cobertura possui características mais informativas e pontuais, pois não há uma sequência ou continuação de notícias nas edições posteriores. O presente estudo possibilitou perceber que os movimentos reivindicatórios não aconteceram em uma só cidade e que os profissionais de Enfermagem lutam por melhores condições de trabalho. Por fim, os desafios da profissão foram colocados em pauta nas médias impressas, especialmente relacionados aos instrumentos de trabalho e à própria força de trabalho.

Objective: To analyze how widely circulated newspapers published the demands of nursing professionals during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in the first half of 2020. Method: A descriptive study with a mixed approach, with articles published in three online newspapers from 01/01/2020 to 06/30/2020, whose articles were submitted to the content analysis method. Results: 143 reports were analyzed and organized into five thematic subcategories, namely: rallies over working conditions, tribute to fellow victims of COVID-19, homage paid from the population to nursing, protests of nurses on Workers' Day, repudiation of the president's behavior. Conclusion: It was found that this coverage has more informative and punctual characteristics, as there is no sequence or continuation of news in later editions. This study made it possible to realize that the claims movements did not take place in a single town alone and that nursing professionals fight for better working conditions. Finally, the challenges of the profession were put on the agenda in the printed media, especially related to work instruments and the workforce itself.

Objetivo: Objetivo: Analizar la forma en que los médicos de gran circulación publicaron las demandas de los profesionales de la enfermería durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, en el primer semestre de 2020. Método: Estudio descriptivo de enfoque mixto, con materiales publicados en tres revistas en línea en el período del 01/01/2020 al 30/06/2020, cuyos informes levantados fueron sometidos al método de análisis del contenido. Resultados: Se analizaron 143 informes y se organizaron en cinco subcategorías temáticas, a saber: manifestaciones por condiciones de trabajo, homenajes a los colegas víctimas del COVID-19, homenajes de la población a la enfermería, manifestación de los enfermeros en el día del trabajador, rechazo a la conducta del presidente. Conclusión: Se ha comprobado que esta cobertura posee características más informativas y ponderadas, ya que no hay una secuencia o continuidad de noticias en las ediciones posteriores. El presente estudio ha permitido percibir que los movimientos reivindicativos no se producen en una única ciudad y que los profesionales de la Enfermería luchan por unas mejores condiciones de trabajo. Finalmente, los retos de la profesión se pusieron en la agenda de los medios impresos, especialmente los relacionados con los instrumentos de trabajo y la propia mano de obra

Patient safety culture in primary health care: Medical office survey on patient safety culture in a Brazilian family health strategy setting.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the patient safety culture in Primary Health Care (PHC) setting after the transition to the Family Health Strategy (FHS) model in a Brazilian metropolitan area and compare the results between the categories of health care professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 246 workers from primary health care services in Federal District, Brazil. Data collection took place from October to December 2019 through the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) application. Patient safety culture was considered positive when the score was above 60%. For comparisons between the categories of health care professionals', the ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for composite percent positive scores, and Pearson's chi-square or Fishers exact test for frequency and percentage of positive responses. RESULTS: The overall MOSPSC composite percent positive score was 49.9%. Among the 12 dimensions, only three showed a positive patient safety culture: Teamwork (73.1%), Organizational learning (62.9%), and Patient care tracking/follow-up (60.1%). The percentage of positive responses on overall quality assessment (78.1%) and overall patient safety assessment (78.0%) showed a positive evaluation. There was no significant difference in the composite percent positive score of overall MOSPSC (p = 0.135) and the percentage of positive responses on overall patient safety assessment (p = 0.156) between the categories of health care professionals. Overall quality assessment showed a significant difference between job roles (p < 0.001), in which nursing /health care technicians showed a significantly lower score than other job roles. CONCLUSION: The patient safety culture assessment showed a weakness in the patient safety in the PHC services. The MOSPSC and nine of its dimensions presented a negative safety culture assessment, regardless of the high scores in the overall patient safety and quality assessments.

The teaching of good obstetric practices from the Residency preceptors' perspective. / O ensino das boas práticas obstétricas na perspectiva dos preceptores da Residência.

The aim of this study was to understand how the topic of good obstetric practices is taught in residency programs according to the preceptors' perception. This is a descriptive, exploratory study, with data triangulation, with a qualitative approach. A total of 35 professionals participated in the study, of which 21 were physicians and 14 nurses. Data were collected from March to June 2018. The analysis was supported by NVivo software. The nuclei of meanings and categories were identified in the different stages, in pedagogical projects: the structuring aspects, competence profile and guiding policies for normal childbirth; in the interviews: theoretical-practical approach and the practices present in the training and, in participant observation: aspects related to the structure of the scenarios and the use of practices. Possibilities and limits were observed in the role of preceptors in the training process, constituting an area that requires continuous attention, aimed at the strengthening of the pedagogical processes in order to expand the disruptive potential of new health professionals.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como o tema das boas práticas obstétricas é ensinado nos programas de residência na percepção dos preceptores. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com triangulação de dados, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa 35 profissionais, sendo 21 médicos e 14 enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados entre março e junho de 2018. A análise teve o suporte do Software NVivo. Os núcleos de sentidos e as categorias foram identificados nas diversas etapas: nos projetos pedagógicos - os aspectos estruturantes, perfil de competências e políticas norteadoras do parto normal; nas entrevistas - abordagem teórico-prática e as práticas presentes na formação; e na observação participante - aspectos relacionados à estrutura dos cenários e à utilização das práticas. Foram observados possibilidades e limites na atuação dos preceptores no processo de formação, configurando-se em uma área que requer atenção contínua e direcionada ao fortalecimento dos processos pedagógicos, de forma a ampliar o potencial disruptivo dos novos profissionais de saúde.

Validation of Ludic-Quest to the playfulness of health games: gameplay and emotions on the field.

OBJECTIVE: to validate Ludic-quest construct and reliability to assess game playfulness, through latent factors in gameplay, perception of learning and emotions in the game. METHODS: a cross-sectional study to validate the instrument's psychometric properties. 247 people responded to the questionnaire after a match in the game Violetas. Exploratory Factor Analysis, using KMO (>0.7), Bertlett (p=0.005), Varimax and factor loading (>0.6). Reliability by Cronbach's alpha (>0.6). RESULTS: in gameplay/learning, KMO=0.859, Bertlett significant. The eigenvalue indicated four factors (reflections; immersion; challenges; aesthetics), 10 retained variables. In the factor analysis of emotions: KMO=0.817; Bartlett p=0.000. Extraction of four factors (pleasure; ostraenie; tension; fun), 10 retained variables. The 20 validated variables contain reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.716). CONCLUSIONS: the eight validated factors centralize playfulness in health game production, composing a reliable playfulness assessment instrument for use in research.

O ensino das boas práticas obstétricas na perspectiva dos preceptores da Residência / The teaching of good obstetric practices from the Residency preceptors' perspective

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como o tema das boas práticas obstétricas é ensinado nos programas de residência na percepção dos preceptores. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com triangulação de dados, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa 35 profissionais, sendo 21 médicos e 14 enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados entre março e junho de 2018. A análise teve o suporte do Software NVivo. Os núcleos de sentidos e as categorias foram identificados nas diversas etapas: nos projetos pedagógicos - os aspectos estruturantes, perfil de competências e políticas norteadoras do parto normal; nas entrevistas - abordagem teórico-prática e as práticas presentes na formação; e na observação participante - aspectos relacionados à estrutura dos cenários e à utilização das práticas. Foram observados possibilidades e limites na atuação dos preceptores no processo de formação, configurando-se em uma área que requer atenção contínua e direcionada ao fortalecimento dos processos pedagógicos, de forma a ampliar o potencial disruptivo dos novos profissionais de saúde.

Abstract The aim of this study was to understand how the topic of good obstetric practices is taught in residency programs according to the preceptors' perception. This is a descriptive, exploratory study, with data triangulation, with a qualitative approach. A total of 35 professionals participated in the study, of which 21 were physicians and 14 nurses. Data were collected from March to June 2018. The analysis was supported by NVivo software. The nuclei of meanings and categories were identified in the different stages, in pedagogical projects: the structuring aspects, competence profile and guiding policies for normal childbirth; in the interviews: theoretical-practical approach and the practices present in the training and, in participant observation: aspects related to the structure of the scenarios and the use of practices. Possibilities and limits were observed in the role of preceptors in the training process, constituting an area that requires continuous attention, aimed at the strengthening of the pedagogical processes in order to expand the disruptive potential of new health professionals.

Comparison Between Students Admitted Through Regular Path and Affirmative Action Systems in a Brazilian Public Medical School.

Purpose: Affirmative action policies to provide access to higher education for socially vulnerable students have been implemented in several countries and have faced many questions nowadays. The aim of the study was to compare the socioeconomic background and performance during and after completing the undergraduate course of students admitted through the regular path and social quota systems in a public medical school in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including students admitted to a medical school within the School of Health Sciences (ESCS), in Brazil, between 2005 and 2012, and followed until May 2020. In the first phase, data collection was performed by analyzing documents from the ESCS academic management system and Brazilian government agencies. In the second phase, a survey with 12 questions was sent to the medical school alumni. The social quota system criteria were the public school attendance in all primary and secondary education levels. Results: Among 707 students, 204 (28.9%) were from the social quota and 503 (78.5%) from the regular path system. The place of residence of social quota students had a lower Human Development Index (p < 0.001) and per capita income (p < 0.001) when compared to regular path students. Regular path students were associated with the highest dropout from medical school (OR: 50.552, 95% CI: 12.438-205.453, p < 0.001). There was no difference between regular path and social quota students attending medical residency programs (OR: 1.780, 95% CI: 0.957-3.309, p = 0.069). Out of the 308 alumni who completed the survey, regular path students had more family members who were health professionals than social quota students (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding monthly income, job satisfaction, employment, or management activities. Conclusion: Affirmative action targeted students with a disadvantaged socioeconomic background. Regular path students had a higher dropout rate than social quota students.

Indications for accurate and appropriate use of personal protective equipment for healthcare professionals. A systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The speed of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put enormous pressure on hospitals and other healthcare facilities. This, together with blockages in several countries, has hindered the availability and accessibility of the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). OBJECTIVE: To identify, systematically evaluate and summarize the available scientific evidence on the efficacy, safety, safe use and reuse of PPE for healthcare professionals, for preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of studies analyzing products for disinfecting and enabling reuse of PPE for coronavirus within the evidence-based health program of a federal university in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS databases, for articles published up to November 30, 2020. RESULTS: Ten studies were selected. These analyzed the use of N95, surgical and cotton masks, face shields, flexible enclosures with plastic covers or polycarbonate intubation boxes and plastic curtains; and also PPE disinfection using several substances. CONCLUSION: Combined use of a face shield with a N95 mask proved to be superior to other associations for protecting healthcare workers. Some products are useful for disinfecting PPE, such as 70% ethanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite and a mixture of quaternary ammonium and H2O2, and hydrogen peroxide. Ultraviolet light and dry heat at 70 °C can be used to decontaminate N95 masks. REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4V5FD at the OPENSCIENCE Framework.

Indications for accurate and appropriate use of personal protective equipment for healthcare professionals. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The speed of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put enormous pressure on hospitals and other healthcare facilities. This, together with blockages in several countries, has hindered the availability and accessibility of the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). OBJECTIVE: To identify, systematically evaluate and summarize the available scientific evidence on the efficacy, safety, safe use and reuse of PPE for healthcare professionals, for preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of studies analyzing products for disinfecting and enabling reuse of PPE for coronavirus within the evidence-based health program of a federal university in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS databases, for articles published up to November 30, 2020. RESULTS: Ten studies were selected. These analyzed the use of N95, surgical and cotton masks, face shields, flexible enclosures with plastic covers or polycarbonate intubation boxes and plastic curtains; and also PPE disinfection using several substances. CONCLUSION: Combined use of a face shield with a N95 mask proved to be superior to other associations for protecting healthcare workers. Some products are useful for disinfecting PPE, such as 70% ethanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite and a mixture of quaternary ammonium and H2O2, and hydrogen peroxide. Ultraviolet light and dry heat at 70 °C can be used to decontaminate N95 masks. REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4V5FD at the OPENSCIENCE Framework.

Validation of Ludic-Quest to the playfulness of health games: gameplay and emotions on the field / Validación de Ludic-Quest a la ludicidad de los juegos de salud: jugabilidad y emociones en el campo / Validação do Ludic-Quest à ludicidade de jogos na saúde: jogabilidade e emoções em campo

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate Ludic-quest construct and reliability to assess game playfulness, through latent factors in gameplay, perception of learning and emotions in the game. Methods: a cross-sectional study to validate the instrument's psychometric properties. 247 people responded to the questionnaire after a match in the game Violetas. Exploratory Factor Analysis, using KMO (>0.7), Bertlett (p=0.005), Varimax and factor loading (>0.6). Reliability by Cronbach's alpha (>0.6). Results: in gameplay/learning, KMO=0.859, Bertlett significant. The eigenvalue indicated four factors (reflections; immersion; challenges; aesthetics), 10 retained variables. In the factor analysis of emotions: KMO=0.817; Bartlett p=0.000. Extraction of four factors (pleasure; ostraenie; tension; fun), 10 retained variables. The 20 validated variables contain reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.716). Conclusions: the eight validated factors centralize playfulness in health game production, composing a reliable playfulness assessment instrument for use in research.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar el constructo y la confiabilidad del instrumento Ludic-Quest para evaluar la lúdica de los juegos, a través de factores latentes en la jugabilidad, percepción del aprendizaje y emociones en el juego. Métodos: estudio transversal para validar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. 247 personas contestaron el cuestionario después de un partido de Violetas. Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, utilizando KMO (>0,7), Bertlett (p=0,005), Varimax y carga factorial (>0,6). Confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach (>0.6). Resultados: en jugabilidad/aprendizaje, KMO=0,859, Bertlett significativo. El valor propio indicó cuatro factores (reflexiones; inmersión; desafíos; estética) y 10 variables retenidas. En el análisis factorial de las emociones: KMO=0,817; Bartlett p=0,000. Extracción de cuatro factores (placer; ostraenie; tensión; diversión) y 10 variables retenidas. Las 20 variables validadas contienen confiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach=0,716). Conclusiones: los ocho factores validados centralizan la ludicidad en la producción de juegos de salud, componiendo un instrumento de evaluación de la ludicidad confiable para uso en investigación.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar o constructo e a confiabilidade do instrumento Ludic-Quest para avaliação da ludicidade de jogos, por meio de fatores latentes à jogabilidade, percepção da aprendizagem e às emoções na partida. Métodos: estudo transversal de validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. 247 pessoas responderam ao questionário após uma partida do jogo Violetas. Análise Fatorial Exploratória, com uso do KMO (>0,7), Bertlett (p=0,005), Varimax e carga fatorial (>0,6). Confiabilidade pelo Alfa de Cronbach (>0,6). Resultados: na jogabilidade/aprendizagem, KMO=0,859, Bertlett significativo. O autovalor indicou quatro fatores (reflexões; imersão; desafios; estética) e 10 variáveis retidas. Na análise fatorial das emoções: KMO=0,817; Bartlett p=0,000. Extração de quatro fatores (prazer; ostranênie; tensão; diversão) e 10 variáveis retidas. As 20 variáveis validadas contêm confiabilidade (Alfa de Cronbach=0,716). Conclusões: os oito fatores validados centralizam o lúdico na produção de jogos na saúde, compondo um instrumento de avaliação da ludicidade confiável à utilização em pesquisas.

Boas práticas para mudança do modelo obstétrico: o que pensam os preceptores da residência? / Good practices for changing the obstetric model: what do the preceptors of the residence think? / Buenas prácticas para cambiar el modelo obstétrico: ¿qué piensan los preceptores de la residencia?

Objetivo: Analisar, a partir do ponto de vista dos preceptores, como o processo de formação na modalidade residência aborda as boas práticas recomendadas pelas diretrizes nacionais e internacionais de assistência ao parto normal. Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo realizado com trinta e cinco preceptores, sendo 14 enfermeiros e 21 médicos que atuam nos serviços de obstetrícia da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados entre março a junho de 2018 por meio de entrevistas e analisadas de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin com o suporte dos Software NVivo®. Resultados: Foram codificadas cinco temáticas: abordagem das boas práticas de atenção ao parto normal; práticas desnecessárias que permanecem; normas e rotinas na assistência ao parto normal; processos de trabalho no cenário da residência e, busca e atualização das evidências para o ensino das boas práticas clínicas. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou a necessidade de reorganização do cenário de ensino dos programas de residência com ações contínuas e direcionadas ao fortalecimento dos processos pedagógicos de forma a ampliar o potencial disruptivo dos novos profissionais de saúde. (AU)

Objective: To analyze, from the point of view of the preceptors, how the training process in the residency modality addresses the good practices recommended by the national and international guidelines for assistance in normal childbirth. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory descriptive study carried out with thirty-five preceptors, 14 nurses and 21 doctors who work in the obstetrics services of the State Department of Health of the Federal District. Data were collected between March and June 2018 through interviews and analyzed according to Bardin's Content Analysis with the support of NVivo® Software. Results: Five thematic categories were identified: addressing good practices in care for normal childbirth; unnecessary practices that remain; norms and routines in the assistance to normal childbirth; work processes in the residency setting, and search and update the evidence for teaching good clinical practices. Conclusion: The study showed the need to reorganize the teaching scenario for residency programs with continuous actions aimed at strengthening the pedagogical processes in order to expand the disruptive potential of new health professionals. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar, desde el punto de vista de los preceptores, cómo el proceso de capacitación en la modalidad de residencia aborda las buenas prácticas recomendadas por las directrices nacionales e internacionales para la asistencia en el parto normal. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo realizado con treinta y cinco preceptores, 14 enfermeras y 21 médicos que trabajan en los servicios de obstetricia del Departamento de Salud del Estado del Distrito Federal. Los datos se recopilaron entre marzo y junio de 2018 a través de entrevistas y se analizaron de acuerdo con el Análisis de contenido de Bardin con el soporte del software NVivo®. Resultados: Se identificaron cinco categorías temáticas: abordar las buenas prácticas en la atención del parto normal; prácticas innecesarias que quedan; normas y rutinas en la asistencia al parto normal; procesos de trabajo en el entorno de residencia, y buscar y actualizar la evidencia para enseñar buenas prácticas clínicas. Conclusión: El estudio mostró la necesidad de reorganizar el escenario de enseñanza para los programas de residencia con acciones continuas dirigidas a fortalecer los procesos pedagógicos para expandir el potencial disruptivo de los nuevos profesionales de la salud. (AU)

Health systems reforms in Latin America: neoliberal influences and challenges to the Sustainable Development Goals. / As reformas dos sistemas de saúde da América Latina: influências neoliberais e desafios aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

This study analyzes the characteristics of health system reforms in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, the trend of public health spending, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It also discusses the neoliberal influences on public health reforms and the possible consequences for the upcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study is a comparative, non-exhaustive literature review of selected countries, with data extracted from CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory, MDG Indicators platforms, and the Health in the Americas reports available in the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing of the Pan American Health Organization. The reforms were divided into three periods, namely: up to 1990, with a prevailing regulated national solidarity logic; 1990-2000, moving towards a market-oriented competitive logic; 2001-2015, evolving towards public logic programs, maintaining competition between service providers. Public spending fluctuated over time, and the MDG targets analyzed were not completely met. Changes in health systems followed the models prescribed by neoliberalism, with market-oriented competitive logic, weakening the care system and the achievement of the SDGs.

Analisam-se as características das reformas dos sistemas de saúde de países da América Latina e Caribe (ALC), a evolução dos gastos públicos e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM). Discutem-se as influências neoliberais nas reformas e as possíveis consequências para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) que os sucederam. Estudo comparado de países selecionados. Dados extraídos das plataformas CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory e MDG Indicators e de relatórios Health in the Americas disponíveis no Repositorio Institucional para Compartir Información da Organização Panamericana de Saúde. Revisão não exaustiva de literatura. As reformas foram divididas em três períodos: até 1990 predominou a lógica nacional solidária regulada; de 1990 a 2000 avançou-se para uma lógica concorrencial de mercado; de 2001 a 2015, evoluiu-se para programas de lógica pública, mantendo-se a concorrência entre prestadores de serviços. Os gastos públicos oscilaram e as metas dos ODM analisadas não foram completamente cumpridas. As mudanças dos sistemas de saúde seguiram as configurações dos Estados nacionais apregoadas pelo neoliberalismo, com lógica concorrencial de mercado, fragilizando o sistema de cuidados e o alcance dos ODS.

As reformas dos sistemas de saúde da América Latina: influências neoliberais e desafios aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável / Health systems reforms in Latin America: neoliberal influences and challenges to the Sustainable Development Goals

Resumo Analisam-se as características das reformas dos sistemas de saúde de países da América Latina e Caribe (ALC), a evolução dos gastos públicos e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM). Discutem-se as influências neoliberais nas reformas e as possíveis consequências para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) que os sucederam. Estudo comparado de países selecionados. Dados extraídos das plataformas CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory e MDG Indicators e de relatórios Health in the Americas disponíveis no Repositorio Institucional para Compartir Información da Organização Panamericana de Saúde. Revisão não exaustiva de literatura. As reformas foram divididas em três períodos: até 1990 predominou a lógica nacional solidária regulada; de 1990 a 2000 avançou-se para uma lógica concorrencial de mercado; de 2001 a 2015, evoluiu-se para programas de lógica pública, mantendo-se a concorrência entre prestadores de serviços. Os gastos públicos oscilaram e as metas dos ODM analisadas não foram completamente cumpridas. As mudanças dos sistemas de saúde seguiram as configurações dos Estados nacionais apregoadas pelo neoliberalismo, com lógica concorrencial de mercado, fragilizando o sistema de cuidados e o alcance dos ODS.

Abstract This study analyzes the characteristics of health system reforms in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, the trend of public health spending, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It also discusses the neoliberal influences on public health reforms and the possible consequences for the upcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study is a comparative, non-exhaustive literature review of selected countries, with data extracted from CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory, MDG Indicators platforms, and the Health in the Americas reports available in the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing of the Pan American Health Organization. The reforms were divided into three periods, namely: up to 1990, with a prevailing regulated national solidarity logic; 1990-2000, moving towards a market-oriented competitive logic; 2001-2015, evolving towards public logic programs, maintaining competition between service providers. Public spending fluctuated over time, and the MDG targets analyzed were not completely met. Changes in health systems followed the models prescribed by neoliberalism, with market-oriented competitive logic, weakening the care system and the achievement of the SDGs.

Safety culture in the perception of public-hospital health professionals.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating safety culture in the perception of professionals working in public hospitals of the Unified Health System (SUS) of Distrito Federal, Brazil, three years after the implementation of the National Patient Safety Program (PNSP). METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in eleven public hospitals using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in electronic format. Stratified sampling was estimated according to the proportion of the total number of professionals in each hospital, as well as the representativeness of each professional group. The results of the total score and domains equal to or greater than 75 were considered positive. Descriptive and inferential analyses of professional groups and hospitals were carried out. RESULTS: 909 professionals participated. The total score by professional group was negative (62.5 to 69.5) and the domains differed statistically in all cases. The eleven hospitals had a negative total score (61.5 to 68.6). The domains to attain positive performance were job satisfaction, stress recognition and teamwork climate. The lowest results were in working conditions and management perception domains, for which none of the hospitals had an average above 75. Differences were also found for domain means across hospitals, except in management perception. DISCUSSION: Three years after the implementation of PNSP, the safety culture in eleven hospitals evaluated was weak, although the domains of job satisfaction, stress recognition and teamwork climate had positive results. The results can contribute to decision-making by managers, as safety culture is an essential element in the implementation of patient safety policy.

Gameplay, learning and emotions in the board game Violets: cinema & action in combating violence against women. / Jogabilidade, aprendizados e emoções no jogo Violetas: cinema & ação no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher.

The board game Violets: cinema and action in combating violence against women was developed prioritising the liberating features of play to offer a setting for struggles to secure citizenship. The objective of the article was to examine the gameplay of Violets as regards players' understanding of the rules and engagement, and the game's mechanics and design; and to evaluate gameplay, emotions and learning comparatively as dimensions of play. This mixed method study proceeded in stages: a) perfecting gameplay: a workshop with 12 experts, usability tests with 33 participants and content analysis; and b) evaluating play: questionnaires for 78 participants and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test comparing groups of variables. Agreement among participants on aspects of gameplay was high. The group of gameplay variables returned values equal to those of the learning group; both differed significantly from the group for emotions felt while playing. In Violets, the interweave of gameplay with the formative, learning components set up a challenging, affective, symbolic field where players' imagination, interaction, tension and interest were expressed during play.

O jogo de tabuleiro Violetas: cinema & ação no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher, forjado a partir da priorização das características libertárias do lúdico, ambienta lutas para a conquista da cidadania. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a jogabilidade do Violetas quanto ao entendimento das regras, ao envolvimento das(os) jogadoras(es), à mecânica e ao design do jogo; e avaliar comparativamente as dimensões da jogabilidade, das emoções e da aprendizagem como expressões da ludicidade. Pesquisa de métodos mistos, em etapas: a) aperfeiçoamento da jogabilidade: oficina com 12 especialistas; testes de usabilidade (33 participantes); análise de conteúdo; b) avaliação da ludicidade: questionários a 78 participantes, teste não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney para comparação dos grupos de variáveis. Os aspectos da jogabilidade obtiveram graus de concordância elevados entre as/os participantes. As variáveis da jogabilidade assumiram valor igual em relação ao grupo da aprendizagem, ambos significativamente diferentes de um grupo 2, das emoções sentidas na partida. No Violetas, o entrelaçamento da jogabilidade com os componentes formativos da aprendizagem viabilizam a criação de um campo simbólico, desafiador e afetivo em que a imaginação, a interação, a tensão e o interesse das(os) jogadoras(es) se manifestam durante as partidas.

Jogabilidade, aprendizados e emoções no jogo Violetas: cinema & ação no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher / Gameplay, learning and emotions in the board game Violets: cinema & action in combating violence against women

Resumo O jogo de tabuleiro Violetas: cinema & ação no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher, forjado a partir da priorização das características libertárias do lúdico, ambienta lutas para a conquista da cidadania. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a jogabilidade do Violetas quanto ao entendimento das regras, ao envolvimento das(os) jogadoras(es), à mecânica e ao design do jogo; e avaliar comparativamente as dimensões da jogabilidade, das emoções e da aprendizagem como expressões da ludicidade. Pesquisa de métodos mistos, em etapas: a) aperfeiçoamento da jogabilidade: oficina com 12 especialistas; testes de usabilidade (33 participantes); análise de conteúdo; b) avaliação da ludicidade: questionários a 78 participantes, teste não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney para comparação dos grupos de variáveis. Os aspectos da jogabilidade obtiveram graus de concordância elevados entre as/os participantes. As variáveis da jogabilidade assumiram valor igual em relação ao grupo da aprendizagem, ambos significativamente diferentes de um grupo 2, das emoções sentidas na partida. No Violetas, o entrelaçamento da jogabilidade com os componentes formativos da aprendizagem viabilizam a criação de um campo simbólico, desafiador e afetivo em que a imaginação, a interação, a tensão e o interesse das(os) jogadoras(es) se manifestam durante as partidas.

Abstract The board game Violets: cinema and action in combating violence against women was developed prioritising the liberating features of play to offer a setting for struggles to secure citizenship. The objective of the article was to examine the gameplay of Violets as regards players' understanding of the rules and engagement, and the game's mechanics and design; and to evaluate gameplay, emotions and learning comparatively as dimensions of play. This mixed method study proceeded in stages: a) perfecting gameplay: a workshop with 12 experts, usability tests with 33 participants and content analysis; and b) evaluating play: questionnaires for 78 participants and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test comparing groups of variables. Agreement among participants on aspects of gameplay was high. The group of gameplay variables returned values equal to those of the learning group; both differed significantly from the group for emotions felt while playing. In Violets, the interweave of gameplay with the formative, learning components set up a challenging, affective, symbolic field where players' imagination, interaction, tension and interest were expressed during play.

Safety culture in the perception of public-hospital health professionals / Cultura de segurança na percepção dos profissionais de saúde de hospitais públicos

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluating safety culture in the perception of professionals working in public hospitals of the Unified Health System (SUS) of Distrito Federal, Brazil, three years after the implementation of the National Patient Safety Program (PNSP). METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in eleven public hospitals using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in electronic format. Stratified sampling was estimated according to the proportion of the total number of professionals in each hospital, as well as the representativeness of each professional group. The results of the total score and domains equal to or greater than 75 were considered positive. Descriptive and inferential analyses of professional groups and hospitals were carried out. RESULTS 909 professionals participated. The total score by professional group was negative (62.5 to 69.5) and the domains differed statistically in all cases. The eleven hospitals had a negative total score (61.5 to 68.6). The domains to attain positive performance were job satisfaction, stress recognition and teamwork climate. The lowest results were in working conditions and management perception domains, for which none of the hospitals had an average above 75. Differences were also found for domain means across hospitals, except in management perception. DISCUSSION Three years after the implementation of PNSP, the safety culture in eleven hospitals evaluated was weak, although the domains of job satisfaction, stress recognition and teamwork climate had positive results. The results can contribute to decision-making by managers, as safety culture is an essential element in the implementation of patient safety policy.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a cultura de segurança na percepção dos profissionais que trabalham nos hospitais públicos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Distrito Federal, Brasil, três anos após a implantação do Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente (PNSP). MÉTODOS estudo transversal analítico realizado em onze hospitais públicos por meio do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire em formato eletrônico. A amostragem estratificada foi calculada, obedecendo à proporção do total de profissionais em cada hospital, assim como a representatividade de cada grupo profissional. Os resultados do escore total e dos domínios iguais ou maiores que 75 foram considerados positivos. Realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais dos grupos profissionais e dos hospitais. RESULTADOS Participaram 909 profissionais. O escore total por grupo profissional foi negativo (62,5 a 69,5) e por domínio diferiram estatisticamente entre si em todos. Os onze hospitais tiveram escore total negativo (61,5 a 68,6). Os domínios com desempenho positivo foram satisfação no trabalho, percepção do estresse e clima de trabalho em equipe. Os resultados mais baixos foram condições de trabalho e percepção da gerência, e nenhum dos hospitais obteve média superior à 75 nesses domínios. Também foram encontradas diferenças nas médias dos domínios entre os hospitais, exceto em percepção da gerência. DISCUSSÃO Após três anos de implantação no PNSP, a cultura de segurança nos onze hospitais avaliados se mostrou fragilizada, embora os domínios satisfação no trabalho, percepção do estresse e clima de trabalho em equipe tiveram resultados positivos. Os resultados podem contribuir para a tomada de decisão dos gestores, pois a cultura de segurança é um elemento essencial na implementação da política de segurança do paciente.

Prototype for monitoring incidents in the health services: innovation for patient safety / Prototipo para el control de los incidentes en los servicios de salud: innovación para la seguridad del paciente / Protótipo para monitoramento dos incidentes nos serviços de saúde: inovação para a segurança do paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the participatory process of building a prototype to support the development of an information management system for notification, investigation and monitoring of health incidents. Method: a methodological research study on technology development, carried out in two stages: 1) documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources related to forms and legislation on incident notification systems, from September to October 2018; 2) deliberative dialog in two sessions, with 12 managers and coordinators of the Quality and Patient Safety Center of public hospitals in the Federal District, held in November 2018. In the deliberative session there was a presentation of the prototype and discussion of its applicability and functionality for the development of an information system for risk management in the health services. Results: creation and prototyping of a tool with 4 (four) screens representing the systematic flow of data. Screen 1: Simplified notification for patients and companions. Screen 2: Notification for the health professional. Screen 3: Investigation of the event and action plan. Screen 4: Intervention and monitoring by means of indicators. Conclusion: this is a tool capable of integrating actions to reduce the occurrence of incidents based on the identification and timely intervention on the risk factors. It can be used as a facilitating basis for the development or improvement of new instruments for risk management in the health services.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso participativo de construcción de un prototipo para respaldar el desarrollo de un sistema de administración de la información para la notificación, investigación y control de incidentes en el ámbito de la salud. Método: investigación metodológica de desarrollo de tecnología, realizada en dos etapas: 1) análisis documental de fuentes primarias y secundarias relativas a formularios y legislación sobre sistemas de notificación de incidentes, durante el período de septiembre a octubre de 2018; 2) diálogo deliberativo en dos sesiones con 12 administradores y coordinadores de los Centros de Calidad y Seguridad del Paciente de hospitales públicos del Distrito Federal, realizado en noviembre de 2018. En la sesión deliberativa se presentó el prototipo y se analizó su capacidad de aplicación y sus funcionalidades para el desarrollo de un sistema de información para la administración de riesgos en los servicios de salud. Resultados: se crea y diseña el prototipo de una herramienta con 4 (cuatro) pantallas que representan el flujo sistemático de los datos. Pantalla 1: Notificación simplificada por parte de pacientes y acompañantes. Pantalla 2: Notificación por parte del profesional de la salud. Pantalla 3: Investigación del evento y plan de acción. Pantalla 4: Intervención y control por medio de indicadores. Conclusión: la herramienta puede integrar acciones para reducir la cantidad de incidentes a partir de la identificación e intervención oportuna sobre los factores de riesgo. Se podrá utilizar como base facilitadora para el desarrollo o la mejora de nuevos instrumentos para la administración de riesgos en los servicios de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o processo participativo de construção de um protótipo para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de um sistema de gestão de informação para notificação, investigação e monitoramento de incidentes em saúde. Método: pesquisa metodológica de desenvolvimento de tecnologia, realizada em duas etapas: 1) análise documental de fontes primárias e secundárias relativas a formulários e legislação sobre sistemas de notificação de incidentes, no período de setembro a outubro de 2018; 2) diálogo deliberativo em duas sessões, com 12 gestores e coordenadores de Núcleo de Qualidade e Segurança do Paciente de hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal, realizado em novembro de 2018. Na sessão deliberativa houve apresentação do protótipo e discussão sobre a sua aplicabilidade e funcionalidades para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de informação para o gerenciamento de riscos nos serviços de saúde. Resultados: criação e prototipagem de uma ferramenta com 4 (quatro) telas representando o fluxo sistemático dos dados. Tela 1: Notificação simplificada por pacientes e acompanhantes. Tela 2: Notificação por profissional de saúde. Tela 3: Investigação do evento e plano de ação. Tela 4: Intervenção e monitoramento por meio de indicadores. Conclusão: ferramenta capaz de integrar ações para reduzir a ocorrência de incidentes a partir da identificação e intervenção oportuna sobre os fatores de riscos. Poderá ser utilizada como base facilitadora para o desenvolvimento ou aprimoramento de novos instrumentos para gestão de riscos nos serviços de saúde.

Hemovigilance and patient safety: analysis of immediate transfusion reactions in elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To identify immediate transfusion reactions in elders hospitalized in a public hospital in the Federal District. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective, documental, and analytical research, with a quantitative analysis of 516 transfusions of packed red blood cells in elders hospitalized in the largest public hospital, who required blood components, from June to December 2017, through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The sample corresponded to 46.36% of the total number of transfusions in elders in the period. The mean age was 70 years old. There were adverse effects (reactions to the transfusion) in 12 (2.3%) transfusions. Respiratory alterations (33.3%) and fever (23.8%) were the most common events. CONCLUSION: The incidence of reactions to the transfusion is below national and international rates, indicating probable undernotification, which could be associated to a lack of knowledge regarding its clinical manifestations and the lack of systematic monitoring of the transfusion.